The early Montefiores of Livorno

The 2020 publication of ref 319 includes 15 Montefiore marriages (listed here) each with full date and name of both fathers. It has thus become possible to refine the family tree of the early Montefiores which appears in the literature (see here). In the above chart they add essential detail to the online accounts. The few unverified relics of the online accounts remaining in the chart above are shown in ochre (but see note 1 below).

Apart from the 15 newly published marriages, we show 4 marriages from other sources (see note 2 below). In addition a further marriage is proposed by us - the circa 1735 marriage of Bailah Montefiore & Simon Barrow, which (not appearing in ref 319) may have taken place away from Livorno (about the placement of Bailah Montefiore in the broader family and about Isaac Levy a brother-in-law of Simon Barrow of Barbados see note 3 below). Despite suggestions here that Judah Montefiore and Joseph Leon are the same person we must now update our thoughts as to how Joseph Leon could have been a Montefiore ancestor - that is via 2 further marriages to create a female line as required by Y-DNA evidence. The first of the suggested marriages is between Joseph Leon and a widowed sister of Judah (and perhaps Moses and/or Amadio if they were brothers) - this circumstance is a feasible way for a worthy but impecunious outsider to join a family. The second suggested marriage is between Joseph Leon's daughter and the only person in the male line back from Moses Vita Montefiore not to have a documented wife - Raphael. Finally, there is of course independent evidence for the Olivetti marriage in the top line of the chart (this evidence may be found in note 4 below).

Of interest are the 3 Levy Sonsino marriages (see note 3 below). The 2 Racah marriages point to the fact that the first given name of Eliezer's wife appears to have been dropped - the mother was named Hannah as we judge from the name of the wife of Moses Vita namely Esther Hannah which we read as Esther de Hannah. There appears to be 2 uncle/niece marriages of 1738 and 1708, and many cousin/cousin marriages (one in 1694, one in 1749, two shown in the lowest 2 lines in the chart, and one of our suggested marriages). There are 2 cases of a pair of siblings marrying a pair of siblings.

Notes:

1. The online data appeared to need correction in some cases. The 1708 marriage of Esther de Judah Montefiore, which was to her uncle Isaac de Joseph Montefiore, replaces her marriage in the online genealogy to Mach Vita de Joseph b1677. Esther's father Judah in the online genealogy is given as a son of Amadio, but we suggest this is incorrect for in ref 319 Judah was evidently a son of Joseph. Her husband is also (oddly) given in the online data as Israel Vita - thus in the above chart Isaac de Joseph replaces both Mach Vita and Israel Vita! We suggest that Menachem Montefiore is the Manuel Montefiore shown in online accounts. We note that the father of sisters in the 1685 and 1692 marriages ie Joseph Amadio shares a name with Amadio Montefiore - but while ref 319 gives us no evidence that Joseph Amadio was Joseph de Amadio Montefiore, this can't be ruled out especially as no confirmation of the place of Amadio Montefiore is given except online - where Amadio is given as a son of Judah - but he could have been a possible nephew as well. However if Joseph Amadio was in fact Joseph de Amadio Montefiore as shown then this introduces a new possibility - that Amadio was another sibling of Judah (together with Moses and the widowed sister). With the help of the new data it is easy to suggest that Moses Montefiore the father of Rachel, fits very naturally into the genealogy as a son of Judah. We also remove the obvious error of Moses Raphael being shown online as the son of Joseph; with the obvious father Raphael likely also being a son of Judah. Rachel's 1694 marriage to a cousin links 2 branches of the Montefiores but neither Rachel, nor her husband Elias, nor their 1694 marriage appear in the online genealogy! If Joseph Amadio was Joseph de Amadio Montefiore, the 1685 and 1692 marriages would also link 2 branches, but again these marriages do not appear online. To simplify the chart, we have only linked Joseph de Amadio to one of the 1685 and 1692 marriages.

2. The cousin/cousin marriages in the lowest lines of the chart were obtained from ref 50 Appendix B. The right-hand 1752 marriage was obtained from ref 6 p201. The 1797 marriage was found in our Barbados work, but as explained in note 3 the fact that in this marriage Judith Joseph Levi married a son of Moses Vita Montefiore does not mean Bailah Montefiore was a close relative of Moses Vita Montefiore (and as we show in the chart she was rather more distantly related).

3. It seems Simon Barrow's brother-in-law Isaac Levi was Isaac Levy Sonsino, and that Bailah Montefiore was in a family branch with a Levy Sonsino connection as shown above, rather than being a sister of Moses Vita Montefiore. The Levy Sonsino family appeared in London with Naphtali being Gabay at Bevis Marks in 5507, as did Jacob in 5513. Jacob was probably Naphtali's son for in 1742 at Bevis Marks Jacob de Naphtali married Esther de Menachem - see BMR2 #662. However, this Naphtali is not the Naphtali most closely related to Isaac Levy Sonsino (as discussed here). The Levy Sonsinos are discussed in Vol 1 ref 319 pp184-93, which citing ref 64 reports that Naphtali and Jacob Levy Sonsino of London specialised in the diamond and coral trade, and we observe that they arrived in London about the same time as the Francos who were in the same business. The 3 Levy Sonsino marriages make us consider whether the mother of the earliest Joseph Montefiore was a Levy Sonsino (but there is no evidence at present one way or the other).

4. The 1620 marriage is oft-reported, albeit with varying dates, because of the strikingly embroidered parochet (Torah ark curtain) commemorating the marriage. We want to learn what the parochet can tell us about the date and place of the marriage, and where the groom came from and his father. The parochet is kept at the Umberto Nahon Museum for Italian Jewish Art in Jerusalem which gave us a high-resolution image as found here (9MB). An architectural motif contained in the parochet is discussed in ref 350. The parochet more recently appeared in the Museum's 'Warp and Weft' exhibition, the catalogue of which contains the following image:

The further image below appears in a journal article on the 'Warp and Weft' exhibition which observes that the parochet includes a claim that the marriage was an important day for the Montefiores. It may well have been euphemistic and perhaps tongue-in-cheek to suggest it was the addition of Rachel herself to the family which was important, for there would have been a splendid dowry! The lion obviously refers to the name Judah, while the mountain and the flower obviously refer to the Montefiore name. The article is referred to below.